Cardiotocography in early labour: a screening test for predicting fetal outcome

Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour.

BACKGROUND Cardiotocography (CTG) records changes in the fetal heart rate and their temporal relationship to uterine contractions. The aim is to identify babies who may be short of oxygen (hypoxic) to guide additional assessments of fetal wellbeing, or determine if the baby needs to be delivered by caesarean section or instrumental vaginal birth. This is an update of a review previously publish...

Cardiotocography during labour.

Factors predicting a positive pregnancy screening test at first trimester

Background: For every pregnant woman, it is possible to have a child with chromosomal abnormalities. Although this possibility is not very high, by performing screening tests and considering the mother's background factors, we can largely realize the real extent of this possibility. Many comorbidities (like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity) and high-risk exposures (like alcohol consu...

Cardiotocography versus intermittent auscultation of fetal heart on admission to labour ward for assessment of fetal wellbeing.

BACKGROUND The admission cardiotocograph (CTG) is a commonly used screening test consisting of a short (usually 20 minutes) recording of the fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine activity performed on the mother's admission to the labour ward. This is an update of a review published in 2012. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of admission cardiotocography with intermittent auscultation of the FHR...

Admission cardiotocography as a screening test in high risk pregnancies and its co-relation with peri-natal outcome

Background: Birth asphyxia which results due to deprivation of oxygen to the foetus during the birth process is still the leading cause of perinatal death. So the labour should be monitored by an effective method. Electronic foetal monitoring is quite promising in this regard. The present study was done to project the effectiveness of cardiotocography (CTG) at admission to labour room in high r...